當(dāng)您在(zài)選(xuǎn)購防曬產(chǎn)品時
，你一定關注(zhù)過SPF，PA+，臨(lín)界波長（CW）或Boots星(xīng)級這(zhè)些(xiē)標識。這些看似簡單的數(shù)字和(hé)符(fú)號(hào)
，實(shí)際(jì)上是經過一係列(liè)嚴格(gé)，標(biāo)準化測(cè)試得(dé)出的科學(xué)結論。

「防曬功效(xiào)測(cè)試(shì)的國際(jì)標準體係」

目前行(háng)業普(pǔ)遍采用(yòng)的標準包(bāo)括：

·ISO 24444：防(fáng)曬因(yīn)子（SPF）的(dí)體內測(cè)定

·ISO 24442：UVA防護（UVA-PF）的體內(nèi)測(cè)試(shì)方(fāng)法

·ISO 24443：UVA防(fáng)護（UVA-PF）的(dí)體外(wài)測(cè)試方法(fǎ)

·ISO 23675：防(fáng)曬(shài)因子（SPF）的(dí)體(tǐ)外測定(dìng)方法

·ISO 23698：用(yòng)漫反(fǎn)射(shè)光譜法測(cè)量(liáng)防(fáng)曬(shài)效果(guǒ)

除(chú)了(liǎo)ISO標準外
，行(háng)業還(huán)廣(guǎng)泛采用(yòng)COLIPA（現(xiàn)為Cosmetics Europe）指南和(hé)Boots Star Rating體(tǐ)係(xì)
，這(zhè)些標準為防(fáng)曬產(chǎn)品(pǐn)的功(gōng)效(xiào)評(píng)價提供了完(wán)整(zhěng)的技術框架。

「測(cè)試(shì)方(fāng)法分類與應(yīng)用(yòng)」

化妝品(pǐn)行業(yè)的(dí)防曬功(gōng)效(xiào)測試主(zhǔ)要分為兩大類：體(tǐ)內測試和體(tǐ)外(wài)測試。

體內測試(shì)：以人體為測(cè)試(shì)對(duì)象
，直接(jiē)在誌(zhì)願(yuàn)者(zhě)皮(pí)膚(fū)上(shàng)評(píng)估(gū)防曬產(chǎn)品(pǐn)防止曬紅（評估SPF值）或(huò)曬黑（評(píng)估(gū)PA等級）的能(néng)力。這(zhè)種方法(fǎ)被(bèi)認為是傳統的“金標準"
，但(dàn)對(duì)人體(tǐ)存(cún)在一定(dìng)的損傷且可能有致癌的(dí)風險
，而且(qiě)存在成本(běn)高(gāo)昂(áng)，周期(qī)長(cháng)，受(shòu)個體差異(yì)影(yǐng)響大等局(jú)限性(xìng)。

體(tǐ)外(wài)測(cè)試：利(lì)用(yòng)專業(yè)的(dí)實驗(yàn)室儀器(qì)
，模(mó)擬紫外綫對(duì)塗(tú)有(yǒu)樣品的(dí)特定(dìng)基(jī)材的照(zhào)射過程(chéng)
，通過測量樣品的紫外(wài)綫(xiàn)透射率或(huò)吸光度(dù)
，再經由公式(shì)和標準計算出防曬(shài)指(zhǐ)數。

體外(wài)測試(shì)具有便捷，成(chéng)本可控且不受人體(tǐ)變(biàn)異(yì)因(yīn)素(sù)影(yǐng)響等(děng)優(yōu)勢
，正在成為(wéi)研發和質量(liáng)控(kòng)製(zhì)中(zhōng)重要(yào)的(dí)一環(huán)。

「防(fáng)曬測試儀器(qì)：SPF-290AS紫(zǐ)外(wài)透過率/防(fáng)曬指數分析(xī)儀(yí)」

在體外(wài)測(cè)試(shì)中
，SOLAR LIGHT的(dí)SPF-290AS紫(zǐ)外透(tòu)過率/防曬(shài)指數分析(xī)儀(yí)
，可用於(yú)防(fáng)曬產品的功(gōng)效(xiào)測試(shì)。該儀器(qì)通(tōng)過(guò)測量樣品在紫(zǐ)外綫(xiàn)波段(duàn)的透射(shè)率來評估防曬效果。

SPF-290AS的(dí)光學(xué)係(xì)統(tǒng)采(cǎi)用(yòng)功率(shuài)穩(wěn)定(dìng)的(dí)150W無(wú)臭氧(yǎng)氙燈
，配合光電(diàn)倍增(zēng)管(guǎn)（PMT）探(tàn)測(cè)器(qì)
，能(néng)夠測量(liáng)290nm~400n波(bō)長範(fàn)圍(wéi)內(nèi)的光信(xìn)號(hào)變化(huà)。儀器配備的(dí)自動(dòng)化X-Y樣品平(píng)台可(kě)以實現(xiàn)多點定位和(hé)掃(sǎo)描
，完成一次(cì)全波段測量的(dí)最(zuì)短(duǎn)時間為24秒(miǎo)。

該儀器的測(cè)試方法符(fú)合(hé)ISO 23675，ISO 24443等國際(jì)標(biāo)準要(yào)求
，可(kě)以計(jì)算(suàn)SPF，臨(lín)界波長（CW），UVA-PF等(děng)參數。軟(ruǎn)件支(zhī)持用(yòng)戶根(gēn)據需求調(tiáo)整測(cè)試參數。

在樣(yàng)品(pǐn)處(chǔ)理方麵(miàn)
，對(duì)於乳液(yè)，膏(gāo)霜等樣(yàng)品
，可(kě)以使用注射器將樣品塗布(bù)在特(tè)定(dìng)粗(cū)糙度的PMMA板上進(jìn)行測(cè)試；對(duì)於噴霧類產品
，可以(yǐ)采(cǎi)用石(shí)英(yīng)板作為測(cè)試(shì)載(zǎi)體。

「關於(yú)SPF-290AS
，你可能想了解(jiě)這些」

1）它的測試(shì)結果準(zhǔn)嗎？和體內(nèi)實驗對比(bǐ)怎(zěn)麼(mó)樣？

它的準確性(xìng)經過了大(dà)量驗(yàn)證。從長期的使用情(qíng)況和(hé)客(kè)戶反饋來(lái)看
，儀器測(cè)量(liáng)的結果與(yǔ)人體皮膚測試的(dí)結果非常(cháng)接近(jìn)。

2）SPF-290AS可(kě)以(yǐ)直(zhí)接代替體內(nèi)測(cè)試嗎(má)？

很遺(yí)憾
，目(mù)前還不(bù)行。根據像(xiàng)美國FDA這樣(yàng)的(dí)法(fǎ)規要(yào)求(qiú)
，產品(pǐn)最終標注的(dí)SPF值必須基於體內測試(shì)。但SPF-290AS在配方篩選(xuǎn)和優化環節能節省大(dà)量前(qián)期的時(shí)間和資金投入。

3）為什(shí)麼是檢測290~400nm這(zhè)個範(fàn)圍(wéi)？

這是(shì)防曬的(dí)標準範(fàn)圍。這個波(bō)長(cháng)區(qū)間正(zhèng)好覆(fù)蓋了紫外綫中(zhōng)對(duì)我們皮膚有影(yǐng)響的UVA和UVB全(quán)部波段
，是國際法規(guī)和科學界的(dí)計算防曬(shài)指(zhǐ)數的(dí)基準(zhǔn)。

4）SPF-290AS的光(guāng)源有什麼(mó)特別(bié)之處(chǔ)？

它(tā)采(cǎi)用(yòng)連(lián)續(xù)紫外(wài)光(guāng)源(yuán)
，盡(jìn)可(kě)能(néng)模擬(nǐ)了真實(shí)的太(tài)陽(yáng)光。這(zhè)種(zhǒng)設計(jì)更接近體內測(cè)試的(dí)環(huán)境(jìng)和我們在(zài)戶(hù)外(wài)接觸到的日(rì)光
，使(shǐ)得(dé)測(cè)量(liáng)結果(guǒ)更具實(shí)際參(cān)考意義。

5）測出來的(dí)數(shù)據(jù)方便做(zuò)進(jìn)一(yī)步分析嗎？

非常方(fāng)便(biàn)。儀(yí)器(qì)的SPF數(shù)據采用(yòng)標準ASCII格(gé)式存(cún)儲(chǔ)
，常用(yòng)軟件如Excel，Access都可讀取(qǔ)。

6）該怎麼(mó)塗抹(mǒ)樣(yàng)品呢？

操作流程很直(zhí)觀(guān)：先對專用的(dí)測(cè)試(shì)板(bǎn)（如PMMA板）進行(háng)一次“空(kōng)白"測(cè)量(liáng)作為基(jī)準(zhǔn)。然後(hòu)
，將定量(liáng)的防曬產品以(yǐ)點塗的形(xíng)式均匀塗開在板上
，形成(chéng)一(yī)層厚(hòu)度一(yī)致的(dí)薄膜。WinSPF軟件(jiàn)的(dí)在綫幫助欄(lán)目(mù)詳細說(shuō)明(míng)了操(cāo)作(zuò)步(bù)驟。

7）儀器(qì)工(gōng)作時(shí)會產(chǎn)生(shēng)有害(hài)的臭氧嗎？

針(zhēn)對(duì)設備(bèi)可能產(chǎn)生臭氧(yǎng)的(dí)疑(yí)問
，進行了(liǎo)嚴格的(dí)驗證。盡管(guǎn)部(bù)分(fēn)電(diàn)子設備在運(yùn)行(háng)時(shí)確(què)實(shí)會(huì)產生微(wēi)量臭(chòu)氧
，但SPF-290AS分(fēn)析儀所(suǒ)產(chǎn)生的(dí)臭氧濃(nóng)度(dù)
，低於當前已(yǐ)知(zhī)的任(rèn)何測(cè)試方(fāng)法(fǎ)的(dí)檢測下(xià)限(xiàn)。

使用Lab Safety Supply的(dí)專(zhuān)業(yè)臭(chòu)氧(yǎng)檢測工具（具(jù)體貨(huò)號為(wéi)1A-5155-6和1A-5154-6）進行了(liǎo)實際(jì)測試(shì)。測試過程中
，技術(shù)人(rén)員讓設(shè)備連續運(yùn)行(háng)數小(xiǎo)時(shí)
，並在(zài)其(qí)旁邊進(jìn)行監(jiān)測
，檢測工具均未顯示出存(cún)在(zài)臭氧的(dí)反(fǎn)應。

需(xū)要說(shuō)明(míng)的是(shì)
，此次所(suǒ)用檢測(cè)工具的(dí)靈(líng)敏(mǐn)度為：在15分鐘的(dí)檢測周期內
，可檢測到0.1ppm的(dí)臭氧(yǎng)。測試(shì)結果遠(yuǎn)低於此限(xiàn)值
，充分證明(míng)了設(shè)備(bèi)使用的(dí)安全(quán)性。

上(shàng)海微譜(pǔ)檢(jiǎn)測使(shǐ)用(yòng)SPF-290AS進行(háng)了測試(shì)：使用兩個(gè)防曬(shài)標準(zhǔn)品進(jìn)行(háng)方法(fǎ)驗證
，測(cè)試(shì)結(jié)果均符(fú)合(hé)SPF標準品(pǐn)要求(qiú)範(fàn)圍

上(shàng)海(hǎi)微譜檢(jiǎn)測(cè)使用(yòng)SPF-290AS進行了(liǎo)測試：不同(tóng)類(lèi)型得防(fáng)曬(shài)產(chǎn)品體內，體外檢測(cè)的一致性(xìng)較(jiào)好

「測試(shì)儀器的應用價值(zhí)」

在化妝(zhuāng)品研發過程中(zhōng)
，使用(yòng)SPF-290AS這類(lèi)儀器可以(yǐ)幫助研(yán)發(fā)人(rén)員(yuán)測(cè)試不同配方(fāng)的防曬性能(néng)
，為配方優(yōu)化(huà)提供數(shù)據支持(chí)。

在生產(chǎn)質量(liáng)控製環(huán)節
，通過對產品(pǐn)進(jìn)行定期測試
，可(kě)以確保不同批次(cì)產品(pǐn)防(fáng)曬(shài)效果的(dí)穩定(dìng)性。基於(yú)儀(yí)器測試獲得(dé)的數據(jù)
，可以(yǐ)為產(chǎn)品(pǐn)功效宣稱提供技術支持
，有(yǒu)助於企業應(yīng)對(duì)市場(cháng)監督和(hé)質量審核(hé)。

「結語」

防(fáng)曬功(gōng)效的測試(shì)需要遵循(xún)科(kē)學的方法(fǎ)和標(biāo)準規(guī)範。從(cóng)體內測(cè)試到體外測試
，國(guó)際標準(zhǔn)體(tǐ)係(xì)為防曬(shài)產(chǎn)品(pǐn)的功(gōng)效評(píng)價(jià)提(tí)供了(liǎo)完(wán)整(zhěng)的(dí)技(jì)術(shù)框架。SOLAR LIGHT的(dí)SPF-290AS提供了一種(zhǒng)技術(shù)選(xuǎn)擇
，可(kě)以用於防曬(shài)產(chǎn)品(pǐn)的研(yán)發和質量控(kòng)製。

作(zuò)為(wéi)Solar Light的(dí)合作夥(huǒ)伴
，我(wǒ)們(mén)致力於(yú)為化妝品(pǐn)行(háng)業(yè)提供(gōng)防(fáng)曬檢測技術(shù)支持。如需(xū)了解(jiě)更詳細的(dí)儀器(qì)信(xìn)息(xī)或測試方(fāng)法
，歡(huān)迎與我們(mén)聯係(xì)！

How is Sun Protection Factor (SPF) Measured? Understanding International Standards and Testing Instruments

When selecting sun protection products, you have likely noticed labels such as SPF, PA+, Critical Wavelength (CW), or Boots Star Rating. These seemingly simple numbers and symbols are, in fact, scientific conclusions derived from a series of rigorous and standardized tests.

「International Standard System for Sun Protection Efficacy Testing」

The standards currently widely adopted in the industry include:

·ISO 24444: In vivo determination of sun protection factor (SPF)

·ISO 24442: In vivo UVA protection (UVA-PF) test method

·ISO 24443: In vitro UVA protection (UVA-PF) test method

·ISO 23675: In vitro determination of sun protection factor (SPF)

·ISO 23698: Measurement of sunscreen efficacy by diffuse reflectance spectroscopy

In addition to ISO standards, the industry also widely adopts the COLIPA (now Cosmetics Europe) guidelines and the Boots Star Rating system. These standards provide a complete technical framework for evaluating the efficacy of sun protection products.

「Classification and Application of Testing Methods」

Sun protection efficacy testing in the cosmetics industry is mainly divided into two categories: in vivo testing and in vitro testing.

In vivo testing: Uses human subjects to directly evaluate the ability of a sun protection product to prevent sunburn (assessing SPF value) or tanning (assessing PA grade) on volunteers' skin. This method is considered the traditional "gold standard." However, it poses some potential harm and carcinogenic risk to humans, along with limitations such as high cost, long cycles, and significant influence from individual variations.

In vitro testing: Utilizes specialized laboratory instruments to simulate the process of ultraviolet (UV) radiation on specific substrates coated with the sample. The sun protection factor is calculated via formulas and standards by measuring the sample's UV transmittance or absorbance.

In vitro testing offers advantages such as convenience, controllable costs, and freedom from human variability factors. It is becoming an indispensable part of research & development and quality control.

「Sun Protection Testing Instrument: Model SPF-290AS Automated UV Transmittance / SPF Analyzer」

In in vitro testing, SOLAR LIGHT's SPF-290AS (Automated UV Transmittance / SPF Analyzer) can be used for efficacy testing of sun protection products. This instrument evaluates sun protection effectiveness by measuring the sample's transmittance in the ultraviolet wavelength band.

The optical system of the SPF-290AS uses a 150W ozone-free xenon lamp with stable power output, coupled with a photomultiplier tube (PMT) detector, capable of measuring light signal changes in the 290nm to 400nm wavelength range. The instrument's automated X-Y sample stage enables multi-point positioning and scanning, with a minimum time of 24 seconds to complete a full spectrum measurement.

The testing methodology of this instrument complies with international standard requirements such as ISO 23675 and ISO 24443, and can calculate parameters like SPF, Critical Wavelength (CW), and UVA-PF. The software allows users to adjust testing parameters as needed.

Regarding sample handling, for samples like emulsions and creams, a syringe can be used to apply the sample onto a PMMA plate with specific roughness for testing. For spray products, a quartz plate can be used as the test substrate.

「Things You Might Want to Know About the SPF-290AS」

1)  How accurate are its test results? How do they compare to in vivo tests?

Its accuracy has been extensively validated. Based on long-term usage and customer feedback, the results measured by the instrument are very close to those from human skin tests.

2)  Can the SPF-290AS completely replace in vivo testing?

Unfortunately, not yet. According to regulatory requirements like those from the U.S. FDA, the final labeled SPF value of a product must be based on in vivo testing. However, the SPF-290AS can save significant upfront time and financial investment during the formulation screening and optimization stages.

3)  Why is the detection range 290~400nm?

This is the standard range for sun protection testing. This wavelength interval precisely covers both UVA and UVB bands of ultraviolet radiation that affect our skin. It is the baseline recognized by international regulations and the scientific community for calculating sun protection factors.

4)  What is special about the SPF-290AS light source?

It uses a continuous UV light source, simulating real sunlight as closely as possible. This design more closely resembles the environment of in vivo testing and the sunlight we are exposed to outdoors, making the measurement results more practically meaningful.

5)  Is the measured data convenient for further analysis?

Very convenient. The instrument's SPF data is stored in standard ASCII format, readable by common software like Excel and Access.

6)  How should the sample be applied?

The procedure is straightforward: First, perform a "blank" measurement on the dedicated test plate (e.g., PMMA plate) as a baseline. Then, evenly spread a quantified amount of the sun protection product in a dotted pattern on the plate to form a film of consistent thickness. The online help section of the WinSPF software details the operating steps.

7)  Does the instrument produce harmful ozone during operation?

Rigorous verification was conducted regarding concerns about potential ozone generation. While some electronic devices can produce trace amounts of ozone during operation, the ozone concentration generated by the SPF-290AS analyzer is below the detection limit of any currently known testing method.

Practical tests were performed using professional ozone detection tools from Lab Safety Supply (specific catalog numbers: 1A-5155-6 and 1A-5154-6). During testing, technicians operated the device continuously for several hours while monitoring beside it. The detection tools showed no indication of ozone presence.

It should be noted that the sensitivity of the detection tools used is: they can detect 0.1 ppm of ozone within a 15-minute detection cycle. The test results were well below this limit, fully demonstrating the safety of the device.

Shanghai Weipu Testing used the SPF-290AS to conduct testing: two sunscreen standards were used for method validation, and the test results of both met the required range for SPF standards.

Shanghai Weipu Testing used the SPF-290AS to conduct testing: the consistency between in vivo and in vitro testing for different types of sunscreen products was good.

「Application Value of Testing Instruments」

During cosmetic product development, using instruments like the SPF-290AS can help R&D personnel test the sun protection performance of different formulations, providing data support for formulation optimization.

In production quality control, regular testing of products can ensure the stability of sun protection efficacy across different batches. Data obtained from instrument-based testing provides technical support for product efficacy claims, helping companies respond to market supervision and quality audits.

「Conclusion」

Testing sun protection efficacy requires adherence to scientific methods and standard specifications. From in vivo to in vitro testing, the international standard system provides a complete technical framework for evaluating the efficacy of sun protection products. SOLAR LIGHT's SPF-290AS offers a technological option that can be used in the research, development, and quality control of sun protection products.

As a partner of Solar Light, we are committed to providing technical support for sun protection testing to the cosmetics industry. If you need more detailed information about the instrument or testing methods, please feel free to contact us!