Intelligent Monitoring and Precision Management of Tea Gardens Based on Sun-Induced Chlorophyll Fluorescence (SIF)

日光誘導葉(yè)綠素熒光（SIF）作為一種新興(xīng)技術，在茶(chá)葉的(dí)葉(yè)綠素(sù)含(hán)量(liáng)，氮(dàn)監測和(hé)脅迫(pò)監(jiān)測等方(fāng)麵(miàn)具有潛在的(dí)應(yīng)用(yòng)價(jià)值(zhí)。通過(guò)監測(cè)這些(xiē)關(guān)鍵指標，可以(yǐ)更(gēng)好(hǎo)地了解(jiě)茶(chá)葉的(dí)生長狀況，品質(zhì)和(hé)對環(huán)境脅(xié)迫(pò)的(dí)響應，從而為(wéi)茶(chá)葉(yè)的精(jīng)準(zhǔn)管(guǎn)理提供支(zhī)持。

Sun-induced chlorophyll fluorescence (SIF) is an emerging technology with potential applications in monitoring chlorophyll content, nitrogen status, and stress responses in tea plants. By tracking these key indicators, it is possible to gain deeper insights into the growth status, quality, and environmental adaptability of tea plants, thereby supporting precision management in tea production.

「茶(chá)葉葉(yè)綠(lǜ)素含量(liáng) / Chlorophyll Content in Tea Leaves」

日(rì)光誘導葉(yè)綠(lǜ)素(sù)熒光技術(shù)，可(kě)實現對(duì)葉綠(lǜ)素(sù)含(hán)量(liáng)的(dí)快(kuài)速(sù)無損(sǔn)監測(cè)，這(zhè)對(duì)茶(chá)樹(shù)生(shēng)長管理具有重(zhòng)要(yào)意義(yì)。

葉綠(lǜ)素是茶葉光合作用(yòng)的(dí)關鍵(jiàn)色(sè)素，其含量直(zhí)接影響光合效率(shuài)，是(shì)其(qí)健康生長(cháng)的(dí)基礎，與並茶(chá)樹長勢(shì)密(mì)切相關。

研究(jiū)表(biǎo)明(míng)，適(shì)宜的(dí)遮陰處(chǔ)理(lǐ)可通(tōng)過提(tí)高葉綠素(sù)含(hán)量(liáng)改善(shàn)茶葉品質(zhì)，而(ér)SIF技(jì)術(shù)能精準量化(huà)這種(zhǒng)品質(zhì)關(guān)聯——通(tōng)過追蹤熒光信號(hào)變化(huà)，可確(què)定(dìng)適合(hé)的(dí)遮陰時長(cháng)與(yǔ)強度，確(què)保葉(yè)綠(lǜ)素含量(liáng)維持在(zài)利於(yú)氨基酸，可溶(róng)性糖積(jī)累的合理(lǐ)範(fàn)圍(wéi)。

SIF technology enables rapid, non-destructive monitoring of chlorophyll content, which is highly significant for the growth management of tea plants.

Chlorophyll is a key pigment in photosynthesis, and its content directly affects photosynthetic efficiency—fundamental to healthy growth—and is closely related to the vigor of tea plants.

Studies have shown that appropriate shading can improve tea quality by increasing chlorophyll content. SIF technology can accurately quantify this relationship: by tracking changes in fluorescence signals, the optimal shading duration and intensity can be determined to ensure chlorophyll levels remain within a range conducive to the accumulation of amino acids and soluble sugars.

不同種(zhǒng)植條件影響茶葉的葉綠(lǜ)素含(hán)量(liáng)，並影響其顏(yán)色，風味和(hé)香(xiāng)氣。

Different planting conditions affect the chlorophyll content in tea leaves, thereby influencing their color, flavor, and aroma.

「氮(dàn)監(jiān)測 / Nitrogen Monitoring 」

氮是(shì)茶葉生長(cháng)必(bì)需的營養元素(sù)，對葉綠素合成和光(guāng)合(hé)作用(yòng)至關(guān)重要(yào)。傳統(tǒng)的氮肥管理(lǐ)依(yī)賴(lài)於經(jīng)驗(yàn)和土壤(rǎng)測試(shì)，難以實現(xiàn)精準施(shī)肥(féi)。SIF技術為(wéi)茶(chá)葉的氮監(jiān)測提(tí)供了(liǎo)一種新的途(tú)徑(jìng)。

研究表明(míng)，SIF信(xìn)號與(yǔ)植物的(dí)氮(dàn)營(yíng)養狀況(kuàng)密切(qiē)相關。氮素充足時(shí)，植物光合作用(yòng)旺盛，SIF信(xìn)號較強(qiáng)；氮素(sù)不(bù)足(zú)時，光(guāng)合(hé)作用受限(xiàn)，SIF信號減弱。SIF技術(shù)也有(yǒu)望(wàng)於(yú)應用在茶(chá)葉(yè)種植(zhí)上(shàng)，通(tōng)過分析SIF信(xìn)號，判(pàn)斷茶葉的氮營(yíng)養(yǎng)狀(zhuàng)況，從而指導施肥(féi)管理，提(tí)高(gāo)茶葉產量和(hé)品質。

通過SIF信號(hào)反映的氮營養狀(zhuàng)況，能夠精準(zhǔn)調整(zhěng)氮(dàn)肥用量(liáng)，避免過量(liáng)施肥造(zào)成的環境汙(wū)染和資(zī)源浪(làng)費(fèi)；同時(shí)，基於氮(dàn)素(sù)需(xū)求(qiú)的(dí)精準施肥(féi)可(kě)充分(fēn)滿足(zú)茶樹(shù)生(shēng)長(cháng)所(suǒ)需，有(yǒu)效促(cù)進光(guāng)合(hé)作(zuò)用，進而提高茶(chá)葉(yè)產(chǎn)量；此外，適(shì)宜的(dí)氮營養還有(yǒu)助於提(tí)升葉綠素和(hé)氨基酸含量(liáng)，顯(xiǎn)著改善茶葉的(dí)整體(tǐ)品質。

Nitrogen is an essential nutrient for tea growth, playing a critical role in chlorophyll synthesis and photosynthesis. Traditional nitrogen management relies on experience and soil testing, making precise fertilization challenging. SIF technology offers a new approach to nitrogen monitoring in tea  farming.

Research indicates that SIF signals are closely correlated with the nitrogen status of plants. Under sufficient nitrogen supply, photosynthesis is vigorous, and SIF signals are strong; under nitrogen deficiency, photosynthesis is inhibited, and SIF signals weaken. SIF technology shows promise for application in tea production—by analyzing SIF signals, the nitrogen status of tea plants can be assessed, guiding fertilization management to improve yield and quality.

Using SIF-reflected nitrogen status, fertilizer application can be precisely adjusted to avoid environmental pollution and resource waste caused by over-fertilization. Meanwhile, precision fertilization based on nitrogen demand fully supports tea plant growth, effectively enhances photosynthesis, and thereby increases yield. Furthermore, optimal nitrogen nutrition helps elevate chlorophyll and amino acid content, significantly improving overall tea quality.

「茶葉脅迫(pò)監測 / Stress Monitoring in Tea Plants 」

茶(chá)葉(yè)在生(shēng)長(cháng)過程中會受到多種(zhǒng)脅(xié)迫，如幹(gān)旱，病蟲害(hài)等。這些(xiē)脅迫會影響茶(chá)葉的光合作用(yòng)和生長，降低產(chǎn)量(liáng)和(hé)品(pǐn)質。SIF技術(shù)可(kě)以用(yòng)於(yú)茶葉(yè)的脅迫監(jiān)測。

研究表明(míng)，SIF對(duì)植物(wù)的(dí)生理變化(huà)敏(mǐn)感(gǎn)，可(kě)用於(yú)檢測(cè)棉花(huā)黃(huáng)萎病(bìng)等病害。因此(cǐ)，SIF也(yě)有望(wàng)應(yīng)用(yòng)於茶葉(yè)病蟲(chóng)害的早(zǎo)期(qī)診斷。

水分脅(xié)迫(pò)也會影(yǐng)響茶葉的生長(cháng)。通過分析SIF對不(bù)同(tóng)程(chéng)度水分(fēn)脅(xié)迫的響應，可以實現對茶葉(yè)水分狀況的監(jiān)測。

Tea plants are subject to various stresses during growth, such as drought, pests, and diseases. These stressors can negatively impact photosynthesis and growth, reducing yield and quality. SIF technology can be applied to monitor stress in tea plants.

Studies demonstrate that SIF is sensitive to physiological changes in plants and can be used to detect diseases such as cotton Verticillium wilt. Therefore, SIF also holds potential for early diagnosis of pests and diseases in tea plants.

Water stress similarly affects tea plant growth. By analyzing the response of SIF to varying degrees of water stress, it is possible to monitor the water status of tea plants.

茶芽(yá)出現枯(kū)焦(jiāo) / Tea buds appear scorched.

在實際應用中，SIF監(jiān)測(cè)係(xì)統正變得(dé)越來(lái)越(yuè)智能(néng)。

以(yǐ)愛博(bó)能開發(fā)的日(rì)光誘導葉綠素熒光(SIF)監測(cè)係統為例(lì)，該係(xì)統內置先(xiān)進(jìn)算(suàn)法(fǎ)，能(néng)夠直接輸出葉綠(lǜ)素(sù)熒光產(chǎn)額(é)和光(guāng)合作(zuò)用(yòng)速率等關鍵參數，用(yòng)戶無(wú)需(xū)再進行復(fù)雜(zá)的數據分(fēn)析(xī)處理(lǐ)。係統提供(gōng)塔(tǎ)台(tái)在綫式長期(qī)監測與(yǔ)無(wú)人(rén)機載機(jī)動(dòng)巡(xún)測兩(liǎng)種(zhǒng)型(xíng)號，既(jì)可滿(mǎn)足(zú)茶園(yuán)固(gù)定點的連(lián)續(xù)觀(guān)測(cè)需(xū)求(qiú)，也(yě)能(néng)適(shì)應大(dà)範(fàn)圍(wéi)，多茶(chá)區的快(kuài)速(sù)評(píng)估場(cháng)景(jǐng)，為不同規模(mó)的茶園提(tí)供定(dìng)製化解決方案(àn)。

日(rì)光誘導葉(yè)綠(lǜ)素(sù)熒光(guāng)技術為茶葉生(shēng)產(chǎn)提供了實時，無損(sǔn)且(qiě)高(gāo)效的(dí)監測(cè)新(xīn)方(fāng)式(shì)，覆(fù)蓋(gài)生長(cháng)，營(yíng)養與脅(xié)迫等(děng)多維度(dù)管(guǎn)理(lǐ)需求。隨(suí)著(zhuó)該技術不(bù)斷成熟與應用深化(huà)，它將(jiāng)在(zài)推(tuī)動茶葉精(jīng)準(zhǔn)種植，提(tí)升(shēng)茶(chá)葉(yè)品(pǐn)質與產業(yè)可持續發展方麵發揮越(yuè)來(lái)越(yuè)重要(yào)的作用。

In practical applications, SIF monitoring systems are becoming increasingly intelligent.

For example, the SIF monitoring system developed by ExponentSci contains advanced algorithms that directly output key parameters such as chlorophyll fluorescence yield and photosynthetic rate, eliminating the need for users to perform complex data processing. The system offers two models: a tower-based online version for long-term monitoring and a drone-mounted mobile version for rapid large-scale assessments across multiple tea regions. This provides customized solutions for tea gardens of different scales.

SIF technology offers a real-time, non-destructive, and efficient monitoring method for tea production, addressing multidimensional management needs including growth, nutrition, and stress. As the technology continues to mature and find broader applications, it will play an increasingly important role in promoting precision tea  farming, improving tea quality, and supporting sustainable industry development.

案例來源(yuán) / Sources：

1. Ma, X., Liu, J., Li, H., Wang, W., Liu, L., Wang, P., Hu, J., Zhang, X., & Qu, F. (2024). Greenhouse covering **** promotes chlorophyll accumulation of tea plant (Camellia sinensis) by activating relevant gene expression and enzyme activity. BMC Plant Biology, 24(1).

2. XIANG, F., LI, W., LIU, H., ZHOU, L., & JIANG, C. (2018). Characteristics of Photosynthetic and Chlorophyll Fluorescence of Tea Varieties under Different Nitrogen Application Levels. In Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica.

3. Wang, C., Wang, Z., Chen, L., Liu, W., Wang, X., Cao, Z., Zhao, J., Zou, M., Li, H., Yuan, W., & Wang, B. (2025). Intelligent Identification of Tea Plant Seedlings Under High-Temperature Conditions via YOLOv11-MEIP Model Based on Chlorophyll Fluorescence Imaging. Plants, 14(13), 1965.